Hot alignment is presented by showing different online moni toring systems as well as how to misalign cold so that the shafts will be colinear during operation. A practical guide to shaft alignment plant services. Alignment is important for directly coupled shafts, as well as coupled shafts of machines that are. With a focus on the core alignment tasks, the tksa 11 is designed to be a very easytouse instrument that is especially suitable for alignment learners and compact applications.
The initial high torque caused during startup of a prime mover can force shafts out of alignment, causing torsional movement misalignment. The only 3 operating system laser shaft alignment system in the world, vlsat is available on microsoft windows, android and ios for ipad. The purpose of this document is to provide guidance for vertical shaft alignment including when alignment procedures should be considered, and therefore, all information in this document is presented as plain text as required. Cardan offset shaft alignment shaft alignment training. The difference between the top and bottom reading is the sag each time alignment reading is taken then the sag must be accounted for subtracting pump motor aligning the shaft s centerlines from side to side the indicators are zeroed on the left and read at the right make sure that you always view the dti from pump side there is no sag. With feeler gauge find obvious gaps and fill them with shims, taking care of any rough soft foot condition.
Dec 01, 2002 shaft alignment is the positioning of the rotational centers of two or more shafts such that they are colinear when the machines are under normal operating conditions. This provides you with exact and stable measurement results and enables the system to be more interferenceimmune from the external factors stray. Proper alignment is the largest factor in determining the life of bearings, seals and couplings. This shaft alignment video presents the most basic concepts of alignment. Shafts must be aligned as perfectly as possible to maximize equipment reliability and life, particularly for highspeed equipment. The reason why simple foot alignment is not enough is because absolute perfection in the alignment of shafts is not realistically possible, nor is it even needed. Reverse alignmentunderstanding centerline measurement by c. Produce pdf reports directly from the display unit and. Facilities instructions, standards, and techniques volume. All apps are free of charge and features a fully functional demonstration mode that allows the alignment process. It is not intended as a comprehensive guide to alignment of process machinery, nor is it a substitute for seeking professional advice or. Pdf a laser shaft alignment by ipspsds for rotary machine. Here you can download the pdf template of the tksa 20 shaft alignment report, which can be used for documenting of your alignment activities.
A laser shaft alignment by ipspsds for rotary machine article pdf available in international journal of engineering and technology 44. These standards are useful only for shafttoshaft alignment of thermal power stations coal handling plants. Laser alignment is an essential component of a viable. When other alignment methods are used, however, such as the reverse indicator method, it is.
Laser alignment systems for shafts, turbines, and machines. The book is reference material on rotating machinery basics, pump overhaul, mechanical seals, basic vibration, and shaft alignment. In some cases, this alignment may be done from the engine or gearbox moving aft through bearing supports, through the stern tube, and then through a strut tube or cutlass bearing to the propeller. A good static alignment is required for troublefree dynamic operation of the propulsion shafting. Typically, when a metal bar is heated, it will get longer. Understanding the need for offset shaft alignment vibralign. Shaft alignment is a method or procedure by which shafts of machines such as motors and turbines are connected to a generator or pump in proper alignment. Coal handling plant alignment standards for shaft to shaft.
Skf shaft alignment tool tksa 51 alignment applications the tksa 51 uses dedicated apps for alignments of horizontal and vertical shaft and the correction of soft foot. Basic shaft alignment workbook for industrial rotatin n1achincrv. Professional measurement and alignment system for rotating machines. It is incorrect to define alignment tolerances in terms of correction values at the machine feet. Shaft alignment is process of position two or more shafts that centre lines of rotating shafts, form a single line when the machines are working at normal.
Proper shaft alignment is not dictated by the total indicator reading tir of the coupling hubs or the shafts, but rather by the proper centers of rotation of the shaft. Eliminating prealignment and minimizing setup time is intrinsically engineered into the vlsat through the utilization of our exclusive 30mm ccddetectors. This system features optional wireless communication, as well as a cardan shaft alignment mode that allows the user to focus only on the angularity that exists between the driver and driven shafts. Accurately aligning shafts can prevent a large number of machinery breakdowns and reduce unplanned downtime that results in a loss of production.
An alignment trainer is used to demonstrate how an actual alignment is made. The alignment standard suggested for fourdial gage method, which provides the technician the recommended approach for the quickest way with quality alignment. Shaftalign shaft alignment system for beginners pruftechnik. The universal base should be set up from job sheet 1. Care has been taken by the authors, pruftechnik ltd, in the preparation of this publication. Misalignment of coupling spacer with respect to coupling shafts. It is designed from the base up to meet the needs of industrial shaft alignment training departments. Basic shaft alignment workbook preface w elcome to the introductory book on shaft alignment of rotating machinery. Jan 22, 2014 while at facilities across the country i noticed a lack of understanding regarding the need for precision alignment of offset shaft driven rotating equipment.
Introduction in todays high tech world, lasers can project a light beam with. Specifications standards for shafts alignment coupled shaft alignment is the positioning of two or more machines so that the rotational centerlines of their shafts are colinear at the coupling center under operating conditions. Pdf laseroptical alignment of shafts in rotating machinery is simple and more accurate than conventional mechanical methods and can. Parallel or lateral misalignment shaft in alignment combined angular and lateral misalignment angular misalignment types parallel or lateral misalignment angular misalignment. Proper alignment of rotating equipment has a long been recognized as a prerequisite to safe, reliable operation. Introduction in todays high tech world, lasers can project a. Jun 15, 2019 the initial high torque caused during startup of a prime mover can force shafts out of alignment, causing torsional movement misalignment. It is calculated, conducted and verified when the system is at rest. Thermal growth is the change in the length of a particular metal as a result of the change in temperature of that. Autoflow functionality for guided 3step measurement. Facilities instructions, standards, and techniques volume 21. Shaft alignment nizwa college of technology shaft alignment shaft alignment is the process to align two or more shafts with each other to within a tolerated margin. A static condition observed at the bearings supporting the propulsion shafts.
In some cases, this alignment may be done from the engine or gearbox moving aft through bearing supports, through the stern tube, and then. The alignment of shaft with the bearing and housing, which is a manufacturing tolerance stackup of the bearing parts and the housing bores and faces. May 26, 20 shaft alignment of rotating equipment is an essential part of machinery maintenance. Misalignment produces excessive vibration, noise, coupling, and bearing temperature increases, and premature. Lloyds register emeas technical investigations provides a comprehensive range of measurement and advisory services to help owners, operators and yards to help to ensure that the best. Shaft alignment methods explained bright hub engineering. Installation errors by a human during the following an installation procedure. The data validity rule 1 shown in following equation. This machine shaft alignment video presents the concepts of offset and angularity.
Its ample shafttobase clearance permits bracket setups for laser or dial indicator systems. The bent shaft affects alignment process by showing improper reading. The objective of optimized shaft alignment is to increase the operating life span of rotating machinery. Shaft alignment of rotating equipment is an essential part of machinery maintenance.
The ludeca rotalign ultra is wellsuited for laser alignment of cardanshaft applications. Select your display tablet option from those we offer, or bring your own device that meets or exceeds our minimum requirements. Shaft misalignment is a major contributor to rotating machinery breakdowns. The skf tksa 11 is an innovative shaft alignment tool that uses smartphones and tablets and intuitively guides the user through the shaft alignment process. Shaft alignment defined shaft alignment is the act of measuring the relative position of two machines that are coupled and repositioning them so that the rotational axes of the two shafts form a straight line collinear when the machines are at normal. Shaft alignment is the positioning of the rotational centers of two or more shafts such that they are colinear when the machines are under normal operating conditions. All shafts, straight or bent, rotate on an axis which forms a straight line. A guide to shaft alignment achieving a satisfactory shaft alignment is paramount for the safe and reliable operation of a ship during its lifetime.
It simplifies the machine identification and improves the. I myself have seen electricians and mechanics alike becoming frustrated trying to determine the cause of speed fluctuations and vibration in offset shaft driven equipment. Achieving proper alignment, however, involves much more than merely adjustment the machines so that the shafts are coaxial. The lt 300 is a rugged but lightweight shaft alignment simulator. Shaft alignment is the process whereby two or more machines typically a motor and pump are positioned such that at the point of power transfer.
Aim to have all soft foot readings within 2 mils thou. For this method it is necessary to record all four cardinal readings. Ol2r measurement of thermal growth shaft alignment with the vertizontal process. The alignment of propeller shafts on ships, tugboats, large pleasure yachts, and other vessels can be a time consuming and difficult task. Incorrect alignment occurs when the centerlines of the motor and the driven equipment shafts are not in line with each other. There is a variant to the above technique, the acculign method, which involves installing tooling. Thermal growth is the change in the length of a particular metal as a result of the change in temperature of that metal. Pdf basic shaft alignment workbook for industrial rotatin. The primary reasons why machinery is misaligned is lack of proper training, improper tools to do the job, and that people are not given enough time to do it right. The machine library gives an overview of all machines and alignment reports. Machinery manufacturers published various shaft alignment guides for their specific machines, but these varied widely in methodology and acceptable tolerances.
To achieve this goal, components that are the most likely. Shaft alignment report measurement program horizontal operator user measurement unit mils temperature 80. While at facilities across the country i noticed a lack of understanding regarding the need for precision alignment of offset shaft driven rotating equipment. It is an excellent tool for teaching and practicing precision shaft alignment and soft foot correction. Shaft alignment is the process of aligning two or more shafts with each other to within a tolerated margin. It is not intended as a comprehensive guide to alignment of process machinery, nor is it a substitute for seeking professional advice or reference to the manufacturers of the machinery. Improper alignment leads to increase of stresses in the shafts and thus on the equipment, which might result in break down of the machine. When the centerlines of their rotating shafts dont match up perfectly, it can lead to wasted power, accelerated component wear, and even the equipment failures the following are the most prevalent causes. Ppt alignment powerpoint presentation free to download. Easy alignment of coupled, uncoupled, and nonrotatable shafts.
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